Multiple Choice Questions
Capstone: Global Ethics and Social Responsibility (Continued)
Topic: Global Ethics and Social Responsibility
Grade: 12
Question 1:
What is the main principle behind the concept of global ethics?
a) Utilitarianism
b) Relativism
c) Universalism
d) Egoism
Answer: c) Universalism
Explanation: Universalism is the principle that states that ethical standards apply universally to all individuals, regardless of their cultural or societal backgrounds. This means that certain moral principles, such as respect for human rights, should be upheld by all individuals and societies. For example, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is based on the principle of universalism, as it sets out the fundamental rights and freedoms that should be protected and respected by all nations.
Question 2:
Which of the following is an example of a global ethical issue?
a) Pollution in a single city
b) Child labor in a specific industry
c) Corruption in a particular country
d) Climate change affecting the entire planet
Answer: d) Climate change affecting the entire planet
Explanation: Climate change is a global ethical issue because it affects the entire planet and future generations. It requires collective action and responsibility from all nations to mitigate its impacts. For instance, the Paris Agreement is a global effort to address climate change and reduce greenhouse gas emissions, demonstrating the recognition of the global ethical responsibility to protect the environment.
Question 3:
Which ethical theory emphasizes the consequences of actions when determining their morality?
a) Deontology
b) Virtue ethics
c) Consequentialism
d) Ethical relativism
Answer: c) Consequentialism
Explanation: Consequentialism is an ethical theory that focuses on the outcomes or consequences of actions to determine their morality. It holds that the rightness or wrongness of an action is solely determined by its consequences. For example, in the context of global ethics, a consequentialist approach would assess the impact of a business\’s actions on society and the environment to determine its ethical responsibility.
Question 4:
Which of the following is an example of a social responsibility initiative taken by a multinational corporation?
a) Implementing a diversity and inclusion policy
b) Maximizing profits for shareholders
c) Engaging in aggressive tax avoidance
d) Exploiting cheap labor in developing countries
Answer: a) Implementing a diversity and inclusion policy
Explanation: Implementing a diversity and inclusion policy is an example of a social responsibility initiative taken by a multinational corporation. It demonstrates a commitment to promoting equal opportunities and fair treatment for all employees, regardless of their race, gender, or background. This aligns with the principles of social responsibility, which emphasize the importance of ethical business practices and contributing positively to society.
Question 5:
Which of the following is a key principle of ethical consumerism?
a) Supporting local businesses
b) Maximizing personal financial gain
c) Ignoring the environmental impact of products
d) Prioritizing convenience over ethical considerations
Answer: a) Supporting local businesses
Explanation: Supporting local businesses is a key principle of ethical consumerism as it promotes economic sustainability and community development. Ethical consumerism encourages individuals to consider the social and environmental impacts of their purchasing decisions. By supporting local businesses, consumers can contribute to the local economy, reduce carbon emissions from long-distance transportation, and foster a sense of community.
Question 6:
What is the main goal of corporate social responsibility (CSR)?
a) Maximizing profits for shareholders
b) Minimizing the impact on the environment
c) Enhancing the company\’s public image
d) Meeting legal obligations
Answer: c) Enhancing the company\’s public image
Explanation: The main goal of corporate social responsibility (CSR) is to enhance the company\’s public image and reputation. CSR involves voluntarily taking actions that benefit society, such as implementing sustainable practices, supporting charitable causes, and engaging in philanthropy. By doing so, companies can build trust with stakeholders, attract customers, and differentiate themselves from competitors.
Question 7:
Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of fairness and justice in decision-making?
a) Egoism
b) Utilitarianism
c) Deontology
d) Virtue ethics
Answer: c) Deontology
Explanation: Deontology is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of fairness and justice in decision-making. It holds that certain moral duties and obligations should be upheld, regardless of the consequences. For example, the concept of human rights is based on the deontological principle that all individuals have inherent rights that should be protected and respected, regardless of the overall outcome.
Question 8:
Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma faced by multinational corporations?
a) Choosing between maximizing profits and protecting the environment
b) Exploiting cheap labor in developing countries
c) Engaging in unethical advertising practices
d) Avoiding paying taxes through offshore accounts
Answer: a) Choosing between maximizing profits and protecting the environment
Explanation: Multinational corporations often face ethical dilemmas when they have to balance their financial interests with environmental concerns. For example, a company may face a dilemma when deciding whether to cut costs by engaging in environmentally harmful practices or invest in sustainable solutions that may be more expensive. This dilemma highlights the need for businesses to consider their social and environmental responsibilities alongside their financial goals.
Question 9:
Which ethical principle advocates for the pursuit of excellence and the development of virtuous character traits?
a) Egoism
b) Utilitarianism
c) Deontology
d) Virtue ethics
Answer: d) Virtue ethics
Explanation: Virtue ethics is an ethical principle that focuses on the development of virtuous character traits and the pursuit of excellence. It emphasizes the importance of cultivating moral virtues, such as honesty, compassion, and integrity, to guide ethical decision-making. For example, a business that prioritizes virtue ethics would strive to create a positive work environment that promotes honesty, trust, and ethical behavior among its employees.
Question 10:
Which of the following is an example of a global ethical issue related to technology?
a) Intellectual property theft
b) Cyberbullying on social media
c) Privacy invasion through surveillance
d) Online scams and frauds
Answer: c) Privacy invasion through surveillance
Explanation: Privacy invasion through surveillance is a global ethical issue related to technology. As advancements in technology enable greater surveillance capabilities, there is a growing concern about the potential infringement on individuals\’ privacy rights. For example, the widespread use of surveillance cameras, internet tracking, and data collection by governments and corporations raises ethical questions about the balance between security and individual privacy.
Question 11:
Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of self-interest and personal well-being?
a) Egoism
b) Utilitarianism
c) Deontology
d) Virtue ethics
Answer: a) Egoism
Explanation: Egoism is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of self-interest and personal well-being. It holds that individuals should act in a way that maximizes their own happiness and self-fulfillment. For example, in the context of business ethics, a company that prioritizes egoism may focus on maximizing profits and shareholder value without considering the potential negative impacts on other stakeholders or society as a whole.
Question 12:
Which of the following is an example of a global ethical issue related to healthcare?
a) Access to affordable medication
b) Medical malpractice lawsuits
c) Patient confidentiality breaches
d) Pharmaceutical industry corruption
Answer: a) Access to affordable medication
Explanation: Access to affordable medication is a global ethical issue in healthcare. The high cost of medications, especially in developing countries, can prevent individuals from accessing life-saving treatments and essential healthcare services. This issue raises ethical questions about the equitable distribution of healthcare resources and the responsibility of pharmaceutical companies to ensure affordable access to medications for all individuals.
Question 13:
Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of moral character and virtues in decision-making?
a) Egoism
b) Utilitarianism
c) Deontology
d) Virtue ethics
Answer: d) Virtue ethics
Explanation: Virtue ethics is an ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of moral character and virtues in decision-making. It focuses on cultivating virtuous traits, such as honesty, compassion, and integrity, to guide ethical behavior. For example, a business that embraces virtue ethics would prioritize the development of a positive organizational culture that encourages ethical behavior and promotes the well-being of its employees and stakeholders.
Question 14:
Which of the following is an example of a global ethical issue related to human rights?
a) Gender inequality in the workplace
b) Discrimination based on race or ethnicity
c) Child labor in the fashion industry
d) Genocide and ethnic cleansing
Answer: d) Genocide and ethnic