Multiple Choice Questions
Human-Computer Interaction and User-Centered Design (Continued)
Topic: Human-Computer Interaction and User-Centered Design
Grade: 12
Question 1:
Which of the following is NOT an example of a direct manipulation interface?
a) Drag-and-drop interface
b) Command-line interface
c) WYSIWYG interface
d) Touchscreen interface
Answer: b) Command-line interface
Explanation: A command-line interface requires users to input commands through text-based interaction, which is not considered direct manipulation. In direct manipulation interfaces, users can directly interact with graphical objects or elements on the screen. For example, a drag-and-drop interface allows users to move objects around by clicking and dragging them.
Question 2:
Which design principle emphasizes the importance of providing clear and consistent feedback to users?
a) Learnability
b) Visibility
c) Feedback
d) Flexibility
Answer: c) Feedback
Explanation: The design principle of feedback ensures that users receive immediate and clear information about their actions and the system\’s response. This helps users understand the impact of their actions and provides a sense of control. For example, when a user clicks a button on a website, a visual change or a notification should provide feedback to confirm that the action was successful.
Question 3:
According to Fitts\’ Law, the time taken to move to a target is influenced by which two factors?
a) Target size and distance
b) Target color and shape
c) Target visibility and position
d) Target complexity and density
Answer: a) Target size and distance
Explanation: Fitts\’ Law states that the time taken to move to a target is influenced by the size of the target and the distance to be covered. Larger targets and shorter distances result in faster movement times. For example, in a mobile app, buttons that are larger in size and closer to the user\’s thumb position are easier to tap quickly.
Question 4:
Which usability heuristic states that the system should provide a clear and concise language that matches the user\’s mental model?
a) Error prevention
b) Recognition rather than recall
c) Consistency and standards
d) Match between system and the real world
Answer: d) Match between system and the real world
Explanation: The usability heuristic of match between system and the real world suggests that the system should use familiar language and concepts that align with the user\’s mental model. This helps users easily understand and predict how the system will behave. For example, using commonly understood icons, such as a trash bin for deleting files, matches the user\’s real-world knowledge.
Question 5:
Which evaluation method involves observing users as they perform tasks in a realistic setting?
a) Heuristic evaluation
b) Cognitive walkthrough
c) Usability testing
d) A/B testing
Answer: c) Usability testing
Explanation: Usability testing involves observing actual users as they perform tasks in a realistic setting. This method helps identify usability issues and gather qualitative feedback directly from users. For example, a usability test for a mobile app might involve asking participants to complete specific tasks while their interactions and feedback are recorded.
Question 6:
Which design principle focuses on providing users with the ability to undo or redo their actions?
a) Error prevention
b) Visibility
c) Flexibility
d) Consistency and standards
Answer: c) Flexibility
Explanation: The design principle of flexibility emphasizes the importance of allowing users to undo or redo their actions. This helps users recover from errors and explore different options without fear of irreversible consequences. For example, a photo editing software that allows users to revert back to previous edits or steps provides flexibility in the editing process.
Question 7:
Which usability metric measures the time it takes for a user to complete a task?
a) Task success rate
b) Efficiency
c) Learnability
d) Satisfaction
Answer: b) Efficiency
Explanation: Efficiency is a usability metric that measures the time it takes for a user to complete a task. It is an indicator of how quickly and easily users can accomplish their goals. For example, if it takes a user a long time to find and purchase a product on an e-commerce website, the efficiency of the design may be considered low.
Question 8:
Which design principle suggests that the system should provide clear and intuitive visual cues to guide users?
a) Feedback
b) Visibility
c) Consistency and standards
d) Learnability
Answer: b) Visibility
Explanation: The design principle of visibility emphasizes the importance of providing clear and intuitive visual cues to guide users. This includes using appropriate affordances, highlighting important elements, and ensuring that necessary information is easily visible. For example, a progress bar that shows the completion status of a file upload process enhances visibility.
Question 9:
Which evaluation method involves experts reviewing a system based on a set of usability guidelines or principles?
a) Cognitive walkthrough
b) Usability testing
c) Heuristic evaluation
d) A/B testing
Answer: c) Heuristic evaluation
Explanation: Heuristic evaluation involves experts reviewing a system based on a set of usability guidelines or principles. These experts identify potential usability issues and provide recommendations for improvement. For example, experts might evaluate a website\’s navigation system by assessing its consistency, match to user expectations, and error prevention measures.
Question 10:
Which design principle suggests that the system should prevent errors or provide mechanisms to recover from them?
a) Error prevention
b) Recognition rather than recall
c) Consistency and standards
d) Match between system and the real world
Answer: a) Error prevention
Explanation: The design principle of error prevention emphasizes the importance of designing systems that prevent errors from occurring in the first place. This can be achieved through clear instructions, constraints, and feedback. For example, requiring users to confirm a deletion action before it is executed helps prevent accidental data loss.
Question 11:
Which evaluation method involves walking through a series of tasks to assess the ease of use from a user\’s perspective?
a) Heuristic evaluation
b) Cognitive walkthrough
c) Usability testing
d) A/B testing
Answer: b) Cognitive walkthrough
Explanation: A cognitive walkthrough involves walking through a series of tasks to assess the ease of use from a user\’s perspective. It focuses on understanding how users think and reason while interacting with a system. For example, during a cognitive walkthrough of a mobile app, evaluators might consider whether the app\’s navigation and options align with user expectations.
Question 12:
Which usability heuristic suggests that the system should minimize the need for users to remember information?
a) Error prevention
b) Recognition rather than recall
c) Consistency and standards
d) Match between system and the real world
Answer: b) Recognition rather than recall
Explanation: The usability heuristic of recognition rather than recall suggests that the system should minimize the need for users to remember information. Instead, relevant information should be presented to users when needed. For example, a website that provides dropdown menus with options instead of expecting users to remember specific commands follows this heuristic.
Question 13:
Which design principle emphasizes the importance of using consistent design elements and behavior throughout the system?
a) Feedback
b) Visibility
c) Consistency and standards
d) Learnability
Answer: c) Consistency and standards
Explanation: The design principle of consistency and standards focuses on using consistent design elements and behavior throughout the system. This helps users build a mental model of how the system works and reduces cognitive load. For example, using the same color scheme and layout across different pages of a website enhances consistency.
Question 14:
Which evaluation method involves comparing two or more versions of a system to determine which one performs better?
a) Heuristic evaluation
b) Cognitive walkthrough
c) Usability testing
d) A/B testing
Answer: d) A/B testing
Explanation: A/B testing involves comparing two or more versions of a system to determine which one performs better in terms of user experience and performance metrics. This method helps identify the most effective design choices and improvements. For example, a social media platform might test different layouts for user profiles to see which design leads to higher engagement.
Question 15:
Which usability metric measures the user\’s overall satisfaction with a system or interface?
a) Task success rate
b) Efficiency
c) Learnability
d) Satisfaction
Answer: d) Satisfaction
Explanation: Satisfaction is a usability metric that measures the user\’s overall satisfaction with a system or interface. It reflects the user\’s subjective evaluation of their experience using the system. For example, after completing an online shopping transaction, users might rate their satisfaction based on factors such as ease of use, trust, and the quality of the products received.