Multiple Choice Questions
Capstone Project: Ethical Tech Innovation
Topic: Ethical Tech Innovation
Grade: 12
Question 1:
Which of the following is an example of a potential ethical issue related to tech innovation?
a) Developing a new social media platform
b) Creating a self-driving car
c) Designing a new smartphone
d) Implementing a new algorithm for data analysis
Answer: d) Implementing a new algorithm for data analysis
Explanation: Implementing a new algorithm for data analysis can raise ethical concerns, as it may involve issues related to privacy, security, and potential biases in the data. For example, if the algorithm is used to make decisions about job applications, it could discriminate against certain groups of people based on their race or gender. This raises questions about fairness and the potential impact on individuals\’ lives.
Question 2:
Which ethical principle is most closely associated with the concept of informed consent?
a) Utilitarianism
b) Deontology
c) Virtue ethics
d) Contractualism
Answer: b) Deontology
Explanation: Deontology is an ethical theory that emphasizes the importance of following moral rules and principles. Informed consent is a principle that requires individuals to be fully informed about the potential risks and benefits of a decision or action before giving their consent. This principle aligns with deontological ethics because it focuses on the duty to respect individuals\’ autonomy and rights.
Question 3:
Which of the following laws is specifically designed to protect individuals\’ personal information?
a) Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA)
b) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
c) Children\’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA)
d) Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA)
Answer: b) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Explanation: HIPAA is a law that sets standards for the protection of individuals\’ health information. It requires healthcare providers, health plans, and other entities to maintain the privacy and security of personal health information. This law aims to protect individuals\’ personal information and prevent unauthorized access or disclosure. For example, healthcare providers must obtain patients\’ consent before sharing their medical records with third parties.
Question 4:
Which of the following is an example of a potential bias in AI algorithms?
a) Recommending personalized movie suggestions based on previous viewing history
b) Predicting stock market trends using historical data
c) Analyzing customer feedback to identify patterns and improve product quality
d) Assessing job applicants\’ qualifications based on their resumes
Answer: d) Assessing job applicants\’ qualifications based on their resumes
Explanation: AI algorithms used in the hiring process can be biased if they are trained on biased data or if they inadvertently learn to discriminate against certain groups of people. For example, if historically male-dominated industries have a higher representation of male employees, an AI algorithm may learn to favor male applicants, leading to gender discrimination. This highlights the importance of ensuring fairness and transparency in AI systems.
Question 5:
Which ethical theory focuses on the consequences or outcomes of actions?
a) Utilitarianism
b) Deontology
c) Virtue ethics
d) Contractualism
Answer: a) Utilitarianism
Explanation: Utilitarianism is an ethical theory that emphasizes maximizing overall happiness or well-being. It considers the consequences of actions and seeks to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people. For example, when making decisions about the allocation of resources in healthcare, utilitarianism may prioritize providing treatment to those with the highest chance of survival, as it aims to maximize overall health outcomes.
Question 6:
Which principle emphasizes the importance of honesty and truthfulness in ethical decision-making?
a) Autonomy
b) Fidelity
c) Veracity
d) Beneficence
Answer: c) Veracity
Explanation: Veracity is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of honesty and truthfulness. It requires individuals to be truthful and transparent in their actions and communications. For example, in the context of tech innovation, veracity would require companies to be honest about the potential risks and limitations of their products or services to ensure informed decision-making by users.
Question 7:
Which of the following is an example of a potential privacy concern related to the Internet of Things (IoT)?
a) Controlling home appliances through a smartphone app
b) Monitoring heart rate using a fitness tracker
c) Tracking package delivery using GPS technology
d) Collecting data on energy usage for optimizing energy efficiency
Answer: b) Monitoring heart rate using a fitness tracker
Explanation: Monitoring personal health data, such as heart rate, using IoT devices raises privacy concerns. If the data is not properly secured, it could be accessed by unauthorized individuals or used for purposes beyond the intended scope, such as targeted advertising or insurance discrimination. For example, health insurance companies might use heart rate data to adjust premiums based on an individual\’s health status, which could lead to discrimination against individuals with pre-existing conditions.
Question 8:
Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of treating all individuals with fairness and equality?
a) Autonomy
b) Justice
c) Non-maleficence
d) Beneficence
Answer: b) Justice
Explanation: The principle of justice requires treating all individuals with fairness and equality. It aims to ensure that benefits and burdens are distributed in a fair and equitable manner. For example, in the context of tech innovation, justice would require equal access to technology and digital resources, regardless of socioeconomic status or other factors that could create disparities.
Question 9:
Which law regulates the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information by private sector organizations?
a) European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR)
b) California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
c) Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)
d) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Answer: c) Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)
Explanation: PIPEDA is a Canadian law that regulates the collection, use, and disclosure of personal information by private sector organizations. It requires organizations to obtain individuals\’ consent for the collection and use of their personal information and establishes principles for the protection of personal data. For example, organizations must have safeguards in place to protect personal information from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure.
Question 10:
Which of the following is an example of a potential ethical concern related to artificial intelligence (AI) in autonomous vehicles?
a) Enhancing safety by reducing human error in driving
b) Improving traffic flow and reducing congestion
c) Allocating blame in the event of accidents
d) Enhancing the driving experience through personalized features
Answer: c) Allocating blame in the event of accidents
Explanation: With the rise of autonomous vehicles, there is a need to address ethical concerns related to the allocation of blame in the event of accidents. If an autonomous vehicle is involved in an accident, determining liability and responsibility becomes complex. For example, should the blame be placed on the vehicle manufacturer, the software developer, or the human operator, if there is one? Addressing this ethical concern requires developing legal frameworks and regulations that account for the unique challenges posed by autonomous vehicles.
Question 11:
Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of developing good character traits to guide ethical decision-making?
a) Utilitarianism
b) Deontology
c) Virtue ethics
d) Contractualism
Answer: c) Virtue ethics
Explanation: Virtue ethics is an ethical theory that focuses on developing good character traits to guide ethical decision-making. It emphasizes the importance of virtues such as honesty, compassion, and integrity. For example, in the context of tech innovation, virtue ethics would encourage individuals and organizations to prioritize values such as privacy, fairness, and transparency in the design and implementation of new technologies.
Question 12:
Which law provides individuals with the right to access and correct their personal information held by organizations?
a) European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR)
b) California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
c) Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)
d) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Answer: a) European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR)
Explanation: The EU GDPR is a regulation that provides individuals with the right to access and correct their personal information held by organizations. It gives individuals greater control over their personal data and requires organizations to be transparent about how they collect, use, and process personal information. For example, individuals can request to see what personal data an organization holds about them and request corrections if the information is inaccurate or incomplete.
Question 13:
Which of the following is an example of a potential ethical concern related to the use of facial recognition technology?
a) Enhancing security by identifying individuals in airports
b) Streamlining access to personal devices through facial recognition
c) Enabling personalized advertising based on facial recognition data
d) Improving healthcare diagnosis by analyzing facial features
Answer: c) Enabling personalized advertising based on facial recognition data
Explanation: The use of facial recognition technology for personalized advertising raises ethical concerns related to privacy and consent. If facial recognition data is collected and used without individuals\’ knowledge or consent, it can infringe on their privacy rights. For example, if a retail store uses facial recognition to track customers\’ demographics and preferences for targeted advertising, it raises questions about informed consent and potential misuse of personal data.
Question 14:
Which ethical principle emphasizes the importance of minimizing harm and preventing harm to others?
a) Autonomy
b) Justice
c) Non-maleficence
d) Beneficence
Answer: c) Non-maleficence
Explanation: Non-maleficence is an ethical principle that emphasizes the importance of minimizing harm and preventing harm to others. It requires individuals and organizations to act in ways that do not cause harm or increase the risk of harm. For example, in the context of tech innovation, non-maleficence would require developers to prioritize the security and privacy of users\’ data to prevent potential harm, such as identity theft or unauthorized access to personal information.
Question 15:
Which law provides individuals with the right to opt out of the sale of their personal information?
a) European Union General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR)
b) California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
c) Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act (PIPEDA)
d) Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)
Answer: b) California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA)
Explanation: The CCPA is a law that provides individuals with the right to opt out of the sale of their personal information by businesses. It gives individuals greater control over their personal data and requires businesses to disclose their data collection and sharing practices. For example, individuals can request that their personal information not be sold to third parties for marketing or other purposes.