Multiple Choice Questions
Sports Science and Biomechanics (Continued)
Topic: Sports Science and Biomechanics
Grade: 11
1. Question: Which of the following factors affects the projectile motion of a soccer ball?
a) Air resistance
b) Mass of the ball
c) Gravity
d) All of the above
Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: Projectile motion refers to the curved path followed by an object in the air. In the case of a soccer ball, air resistance, mass of the ball, and gravity all play a role in determining its projectile motion. Air resistance can slow down the ball, affecting its trajectory. The mass of the ball can influence the force applied to it, which affects its speed and direction. Gravity pulls the ball downward, causing it to follow a curved path.
Example: Simple – When a soccer ball is kicked straight up in the air, it follows a parabolic path before falling back down. Complex – In a free kick, a soccer player needs to take into account the angle, force, and trajectory of the ball to clear a defensive wall and score a goal.
2. Question: What is the primary energy system used during a 100-meter sprint?
a) Aerobic system
b) Anaerobic system
c) Glycolytic system
d) All of the above
Answer: b) Anaerobic system
Explanation: The primary energy system used during a 100-meter sprint is the anaerobic system. This system relies on stored energy in the muscles (ATP and creatine phosphate) and does not require oxygen. It provides quick bursts of energy for high-intensity, short-duration activities. The aerobic system, on the other hand, utilizes oxygen and is better suited for endurance activities.
Example: Simple – A short sprint, such as a 100-meter dash, relies heavily on the anaerobic system to produce the necessary energy. Complex – During a 100-meter sprint, an athlete\’s anaerobic system is engaged to quickly produce energy, allowing them to accelerate rapidly and maintain a high speed throughout the race.
3. Question: Which of the following is an example of a closed skill in sports?
a) Serving in tennis
b) Shooting a basketball free throw
c) Reacting to a soccer pass
d) All of the above
Answer: b) Shooting a basketball free throw
Explanation: Closed skills in sports are those that are performed in a stable and predictable environment, where the performer has control over the execution of the skill. Shooting a basketball free throw is an example of a closed skill because the player has control over the execution of the shot, and the environment remains constant. In contrast, serving in tennis and reacting to a soccer pass involve external factors and are considered open skills.
Example: Simple – When shooting a basketball free throw, the player has control over their technique and the position from which they shoot. Complex – A basketball player practicing free throws in a noisy and distracting environment needs to focus on their technique and block out external distractions to maintain accuracy.
4. Question: Which principle of training refers to progressively increasing the intensity, duration, or frequency of exercise over time?
a) Specificity
b) Overload
c) Reversibility
d) Individuality
Answer: b) Overload
Explanation: The principle of overload states that in order to improve fitness or performance, the body must be subjected to a greater stress or workload than it is accustomed to. This can be achieved by progressively increasing the intensity, duration, or frequency of exercise over time. By challenging the body beyond its comfort zone, adaptations occur that lead to improvements in strength, endurance, or skill.
Example: Simple – Increasing the weight lifted during strength training sessions is an example of applying the overload principle. Complex – In preparation for a marathon, a runner gradually increases their weekly mileage over several months to progressively overload their cardiovascular system and improve endurance.
5. Question: Which of the following is an example of a concentric muscle contraction?
a) Lowering a dumbbell during a bicep curl
b) Pushing up from a squat position
c) Landing from a jump
d) All of the above
Answer: b) Pushing up from a squat position
Explanation: Concentric muscle contractions occur when the muscle shortens as it generates force. Pushing up from a squat position involves the quadriceps contracting and shortening to extend the knee joint and lift the body. Lowering a dumbbell during a bicep curl is an example of an eccentric muscle contraction, where the muscle lengthens under tension. Landing from a jump involves both concentric and eccentric muscle contractions to absorb the impact.
Example: Simple – When performing a push-up, the muscles in the chest, shoulders, and triceps contract concentrically to lift the body. Complex – In weightlifting, the clean and jerk exercise requires both concentric and eccentric contractions of various muscle groups to lift the barbell overhead.