Multiple Choice Questions
Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems
Topic: Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems
Grade: 11
Question 1:
Which of the following is a characteristic of cloud computing?
A) Low scalability
B) Limited accessibility
C) Pay-per-use model
D) High maintenance costs
Answer: C) Pay-per-use model
Explanation: The pay-per-use model is a characteristic of cloud computing where users only pay for the resources they use. This allows for cost-efficiency as organizations do not have to invest in expensive infrastructure upfront. For example, a company using a cloud-based service like Amazon Web Services (AWS) only pays for the amount of storage, computing power, or bandwidth they consume.
Question 2:
Which of the following is an advantage of distributed systems?
A) Centralized control
B) Higher latency
C) Improved fault tolerance
D) Limited scalability
Answer: C) Improved fault tolerance
Explanation: Distributed systems are designed to handle failures and provide fault tolerance. By distributing tasks across multiple nodes, a distributed system can continue to function even if one or more nodes fail. For example, in a distributed database system, if one node fails, the data can still be accessed from other nodes, ensuring availability and fault tolerance.
Question 3:
Which of the following is an example of a private cloud deployment model?
A) Google Cloud Platform
B) Microsoft Azure
C) Amazon Web Services (AWS)
D) On-premises infrastructure
Answer: D) On-premises infrastructure
Explanation: A private cloud deployment model refers to cloud infrastructure that is owned and operated by a single organization and is not shared with other organizations. On-premises infrastructure refers to cloud resources that are hosted within an organization\’s own data centers. For example, a company setting up its own data center with virtualization technologies to provide cloud-like services internally would be an example of a private cloud deployment.
Question 4:
Which of the following is a disadvantage of cloud computing?
A) Limited scalability
B) Higher upfront costs
C) Reduced flexibility
D) Lower security
Answer: B) Higher upfront costs
Explanation: One of the disadvantages of cloud computing is the higher upfront costs associated with setting up the infrastructure and migrating existing systems to the cloud. This cost includes hardware, software, and integration expenses. For example, a company that wants to move its entire IT infrastructure to the cloud would need to invest in new servers, networking equipment, and possibly hire experts for migration, resulting in higher upfront costs.
Question 5:
Which of the following is an example of a public cloud service?
A) Dropbox
B) Salesforce
C) Microsoft Office 365
D) iCloud
Answer: C) Microsoft Office 365
Explanation: Public cloud services are provided by third-party vendors over the internet and are available for public use. Microsoft Office 365 is an example of a public cloud service that offers a suite of productivity tools, including Word, Excel, and PowerPoint, accessible from any device with an internet connection. Users can subscribe to Office 365 and access their files and applications from anywhere, making it a public cloud service.
Question 6:
Which of the following is a key characteristic of edge computing?
A) Centralized data processing
B) Lower latency
C) Limited scalability
D) Higher bandwidth costs
Answer: B) Lower latency
Explanation: Edge computing is a computing model where data processing is done closer to the edge of the network, near the data source or end-user device. By reducing the distance data needs to travel, edge computing can significantly reduce latency, resulting in faster response times. For example, in a self-driving car, edge computing can analyze sensor data in real-time to make immediate decisions without relying on a centralized cloud server, reducing latency.
Question 7:
Which of the following is an example of a hybrid cloud deployment model?
A) Google Cloud Platform
B) Amazon Web Services (AWS)
C) Microsoft Azure
D) Dropbox
Answer: C) Microsoft Azure
Explanation: A hybrid cloud deployment model combines both public and private cloud infrastructure, allowing organizations to take advantage of the benefits of both models. Microsoft Azure offers a hybrid cloud solution where organizations can connect their on-premises infrastructure to Azure\’s public cloud services. This allows organizations to have a mix of private and public cloud resources, enabling flexibility and scalability.
Question 8:
Which of the following is a technique used to improve fault tolerance in distributed systems?
A) Virtualization
B) Load balancing
C) Encryption
D) Compression
Answer: B) Load balancing
Explanation: Load balancing is a technique used in distributed systems to distribute workload evenly across multiple nodes. By distributing tasks, load balancing ensures that no single node becomes overwhelmed, improving fault tolerance and overall system performance. For example, a web application using load balancing can distribute incoming requests across multiple servers, preventing any single server from becoming overloaded and improving fault tolerance.
Question 9:
Which of the following is a potential security concern in cloud computing?
A) Limited accessibility
B) Data privacy
C) Low scalability
D) Higher maintenance costs
Answer: B) Data privacy
Explanation: Data privacy is a major concern in cloud computing as organizations must trust the cloud service provider to properly handle and protect their data. Unauthorized access, data breaches, or inadequate security measures can result in a loss of sensitive information. For example, a healthcare organization storing patient medical records in a cloud-based system would need to ensure that proper encryption and access controls are in place to protect patient privacy.
Question 10:
Which of the following is an example of a cloud deployment model?
A) Virtualization
B) Software as a Service (SaaS)
C) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
D) Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Answer: C) Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Explanation: Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) is a cloud deployment model where the cloud service provider offers virtualized computing resources, such as virtual machines, storage, and networking, to customers. Customers have control over the operating systems, applications, and data on the virtual machines. For example, Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers IaaS, allowing users to provision virtual servers, storage, and databases as needed.
Question 11:
Which of the following is a benefit of using containers in cloud computing?
A) Higher resource utilization
B) Increased maintenance costs
C) Reduced scalability
D) Limited portability
Answer: A) Higher resource utilization
Explanation: Containers in cloud computing offer higher resource utilization by allowing multiple containers to run on a single host, sharing the host\’s operating system. Unlike virtual machines, containers do not require a separate guest OS, resulting in more efficient use of resources. For example, a cloud provider using containers can run multiple customer applications on a single server, maximizing resource utilization and reducing costs.
Question 12:
Which of the following is a characteristic of serverless computing?
A) Continuous resource management
B) Higher scalability costs
C) Limited programming language support
D) No server provisioning
Answer: D) No server provisioning
Explanation: Serverless computing is a cloud computing model where the cloud service provider manages the infrastructure and automatically provisions and scales resources based on demand. Users only need to provide the code or functions to be executed without worrying about server management. For example, AWS Lambda is a serverless computing service that allows developers to run their code without provisioning servers. The service automatically scales resources to handle incoming requests.
Question 13:
Which of the following is an example of a cloud service model?
A) Virtualization
B) Software as a Service (SaaS)
C) Load balancing
D) Edge computing
Answer: B) Software as a Service (SaaS)
Explanation: Software as a Service (SaaS) is a cloud service model where users access software applications over the internet on a subscription basis. Examples of SaaS include customer relationship management (CRM) tools like Salesforce or productivity suites like Google Workspace. Users do not need to manage or maintain the underlying infrastructure or software, as the cloud service provider handles it.
Question 14:
Which of the following is a potential challenge in migrating to the cloud?
A) Reduced data security
B) Lower maintenance costs
C) Higher scalability
D) Improved performance
Answer: A) Reduced data security
Explanation: Migrating to the cloud can present challenges in terms of data security. Organizations must ensure that their data is properly protected and that access controls and encryption measures are in place. In some cases, organizations may be hesitant to move sensitive data to the cloud due to concerns about potential data breaches or unauthorized access. Implementing proper security measures is crucial when migrating to the cloud.
Question 15:
Which of the following is an example of a cloud resource management technique?
A) Virtualization
B) Data encryption
C) Containerization
D) Load balancing
Answer: D) Load balancing
Explanation: Load balancing is a cloud resource management technique that distributes workload evenly across multiple servers or nodes. By balancing the load, organizations can ensure that resources are utilized efficiently and that no single server becomes overwhelmed. Load balancing improves performance, scalability, and fault tolerance in cloud computing. For example, a cloud provider using load balancing can distribute incoming network traffic across multiple servers, optimizing resource utilization.