Multiple Choice Questions
Diplomacy and Global Governance
Topic Name: Diplomacy and Global Governance
Grade: 10
Question 1:
Which international organization is responsible for maintaining international peace and security?
a) World Bank
b) International Monetary Fund
c) United Nations Security Council
d) World Trade Organization
Answer: c) United Nations Security Council
Explanation: The United Nations Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security. It is the primary organ of the United Nations (UN) and has the power to enforce its decisions. The Security Council consists of 15 member states, including 5 permanent members (China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and 10 non-permanent members elected for two-year terms. It can impose sanctions, authorize the use of military force, and establish peacekeeping missions to address conflicts and threats to international peace.
Example 1: The United Nations Security Council played a crucial role in the resolution of the Korean War in the 1950s. It authorized the deployment of United Nations forces to repel the North Korean invasion of South Korea and eventually negotiated a ceasefire, which has remained in place to this day.
Example 2: In recent years, the United Nations Security Council has been involved in addressing the conflict in Syria. It has passed several resolutions calling for a ceasefire, the delivery of humanitarian aid, and the promotion of a political solution to the conflict. However, the Security Council has faced challenges due to the veto power of its permanent members, which has hindered the implementation of its decisions.
Question 2:
Which principle of international law states that treaties are binding on the states that have ratified them?
a) Sovereignty
b) Diplomatic immunity
c) Pacta sunt servanda
d) Non-intervention
Answer: c) Pacta sunt servanda
Explanation: Pacta sunt servanda is a fundamental principle of international law that states that treaties must be upheld and observed by the states that have ratified them. It reflects the principle of good faith in international relations and ensures that states fulfill their obligations under international agreements. This principle is crucial for maintaining stability and predictability in international relations.
Example 1: The Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties is an international treaty that codifies the principles of treaty law. It establishes the principle of pacta sunt servanda as a fundamental principle of international law and provides guidelines on the interpretation and application of treaties.
Example 2: The principle of pacta sunt servanda was tested during the Brexit negotiations between the United Kingdom and the European Union. Both parties had to consider their obligations under existing treaties, such as the Treaty on European Union, and negotiate new agreements to ensure a smooth transition and the protection of their respective interests.
Question 3:
Which international organization is responsible for promoting free trade among its member states?
a) World Bank
b) International Monetary Fund
c) United Nations
d) World Trade Organization
Answer: d) World Trade Organization
Explanation: The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international organization that promotes free trade among its member states. It provides a forum for negotiating trade agreements, resolving trade disputes, and monitoring the implementation of trade rules. The WTO aims to reduce barriers to trade, such as tariffs and quotas, and ensure fair and transparent trade practices.
Example 1: The WTO played a significant role in the Doha Round of trade negotiations, which aimed to further liberalize global trade. However, the negotiations faced challenges due to disagreements between developed and developing countries on issues such as agricultural subsidies and market access.
Example 2: The WTO has been involved in resolving trade disputes between its member states. For instance, it has adjudicated cases involving trade barriers imposed by one country against another, such as anti-dumping duties or discriminatory regulations. The WTO\’s dispute settlement mechanism provides a legal framework for resolving such disputes and ensuring compliance with trade rules.