Multiple Choice Questions
Human Physiology and Health
Topic: Human Physiology and Health
Grade: 10
Question 1:
Which of the following hormones is responsible for the regulation of blood glucose levels?
a) Insulin
b) Estrogen
c) Testosterone
d) Thyroxine
Answer: a) Insulin
Explanation: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate blood glucose levels. It allows glucose to enter cells, reducing blood sugar levels. Without insulin, glucose cannot be properly utilized by the body, leading to conditions like diabetes. For example, when a person consumes a meal high in carbohydrates, insulin is released to help transport the glucose from the bloodstream into cells for energy production.
Question 2:
Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling balance and coordination?
a) Cerebrum
b) Cerebellum
c) Hypothalamus
d) Medulla oblongata
Answer: b) Cerebellum
Explanation: The cerebellum is the part of the brain that is responsible for coordinating voluntary movements and maintaining balance and posture. It receives information from sensory systems and the spinal cord to regulate motor activities. For instance, when a person is riding a bicycle, the cerebellum helps in maintaining balance and adjusting muscle movements to steer the bike in the desired direction.
Question 3:
Which of the following statements about blood types is correct?
a) Blood type AB is the universal donor
b) Blood type O is the universal recipient
c) Blood type A can donate to blood type B
d) Blood type B can donate to blood type A
Answer: c) Blood type A can donate to blood type B
Explanation: Blood type A can donate to blood type B because type A blood contains antigens that are compatible with type B blood. However, the reverse is not true as type B blood contains antigens that are not compatible with type A blood. For example, if a person with blood type A donates blood to a person with blood type B, the recipient\’s immune system will not react adversely as there are no antibodies present to attack the donated blood.
Question 4:
Which of the following is responsible for the transport of oxygen in the blood?
a) Hemoglobin
b) Platelets
c) Red blood cells
d) White blood cells
Answer: c) Red blood cells
Explanation: Red blood cells contain a protein called hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and carries it throughout the body. Hemoglobin gives red blood cells their characteristic color and enables them to transport oxygen from the lungs to various tissues. For instance, when a person engages in physical activity, red blood cells deliver oxygen to the muscles to support energy production.
Question 5:
Which of the following is responsible for the transmission of nerve impulses?
a) Neurons
b) Glial cells
c) Dendrites
d) Axons
Answer: a) Neurons
Explanation: Neurons are specialized cells that transmit nerve impulses. They have unique structures such as dendrites, which receive signals from other neurons, and axons, which transmit signals to other cells. Neurons communicate with each other through electrical and chemical signals, allowing information to be processed and transmitted throughout the nervous system. For example, when a person touches a hot object, specialized neurons in the skin send signals to the brain, resulting in the perception of pain.
Question 6:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of bile?
a) Liver
b) Stomach
c) Gallbladder
d) Pancreas
Answer: a) Liver
Explanation: The liver is responsible for the production of bile, a substance that aids in the digestion and absorption of fats. Bile is stored in the gallbladder and released into the small intestine when fatty foods are consumed. It helps break down large fat molecules into smaller droplets, increasing their surface area for enzymatic digestion. For instance, when a person consumes a greasy meal, the liver produces bile to assist in the digestion and absorption of fats.
Question 7:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of urine?
a) Kidneys
b) Bladder
c) Ureters
d) Urethra
Answer: a) Kidneys
Explanation: The kidneys are responsible for the production of urine through the process of filtration and reabsorption. They filter waste products, excess water, and electrolytes from the blood, forming urine. The urine then travels from the kidneys to the bladder through the ureters and is eventually eliminated from the body through the urethra. For example, when a person drinks a lot of water, the kidneys produce more urine to maintain fluid balance in the body.
Question 8:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of antibodies?
a) T-cells
b) B-cells
c) Natural killer cells
d) Macrophages
Answer: b) B-cells
Explanation: B-cells are a type of white blood cell responsible for the production of antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that recognize and neutralize foreign substances, such as bacteria or viruses, in the body. When an antigen (foreign substance) enters the body, B-cells produce specific antibodies that bind to the antigen, marking it for destruction by other immune cells. For instance, when a person is exposed to a particular strain of flu virus, B-cells produce antibodies that target that specific strain, providing immunity against future infections.
Question 9:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of red blood cells?
a) Liver
b) Spleen
c) Bone marrow
d) Lymph nodes
Answer: c) Bone marrow
Explanation: Red blood cells are produced in the bone marrow, a soft tissue found inside bones. Bone marrow contains stem cells that differentiate into various blood cells, including red blood cells. These cells undergo a process called erythropoiesis, where they develop and mature into functional red blood cells. For example, when a person loses blood due to injury or surgery, the bone marrow increases its production of red blood cells to replenish the lost blood volume.
Question 10:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of stomach acid?
a) Pepsin
b) Gastrin
c) Hydrochloric acid
d) Mucus
Answer: c) Hydrochloric acid
Explanation: Hydrochloric acid is responsible for the production of stomach acid. It is secreted by specialized cells in the stomach lining called parietal cells. Hydrochloric acid helps break down food, particularly proteins, and activates enzymes, such as pepsin, that aid in digestion. For instance, when a person consumes a protein-rich meal, hydrochloric acid is released in the stomach to facilitate protein digestion.
Question 11:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of saliva?
a) Salivary glands
b) Taste buds
c) Esophagus
d) Stomach
Answer: a) Salivary glands
Explanation: Salivary glands produce saliva, a watery fluid that helps in the initial digestion of food. Saliva contains enzymes, such as amylase, which begin the breakdown of carbohydrates. It also lubricates food, making it easier to swallow. For example, when a person starts chewing a piece of bread, salivary glands secrete saliva to moisten the food and initiate the digestion process.
Question 12:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of estrogen and progesterone?
a) Ovaries
b) Uterus
c) Fallopian tubes
d) Vagina
Answer: a) Ovaries
Explanation: Ovaries are responsible for the production of estrogen and progesterone, two key female sex hormones. Estrogen helps regulate the menstrual cycle, develop secondary sexual characteristics, and maintain bone health. Progesterone prepares the uterus for pregnancy and supports the growth of the uterine lining. For instance, during puberty, the ovaries start producing increased levels of estrogen, leading to the development of breasts and the onset of menstruation.
Question 13:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of testosterone?
a) Testes
b) Penis
c) Epididymis
d) Prostate gland
Answer: a) Testes
Explanation: Testes are responsible for the production of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone. Testosterone plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive organs, secondary sexual characteristics, and sperm production. It also contributes to muscle growth and bone density. For example, during puberty, the testes start producing increased levels of testosterone, leading to the development of facial hair, deepening of the voice, and growth of the penis and testes.
Question 14:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of melatonin?
a) Pineal gland
b) Pituitary gland
c) Thyroid gland
d) Adrenal glands
Answer: a) Pineal gland
Explanation: The pineal gland is responsible for the production of melatonin, a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles and circadian rhythms. Melatonin levels increase in the evening, signaling the body to prepare for sleep, and decrease in the morning, promoting wakefulness. For instance, when a person experiences jet lag, the pineal gland takes time to adjust its melatonin production, resulting in disrupted sleep patterns until the body adapts to the new time zone.
Question 15:
Which of the following is responsible for the production of growth hormone?
a) Pituitary gland
b) Adrenal glands
c) Thyroid gland
d) Parathyroid glands
Answer: a) Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland is responsible for the production of growth hormone, also known as somatotropin. Growth hormone plays a vital role in regulating growth, development, and metabolism. It stimulates the growth of bones, muscles, and organs, and influences protein synthesis and fat metabolism. For example, during childhood and adolescence, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone, promoting linear growth and overall development.