Multiple Choice Questions
Genetics and Biotechnology
Topic: Genetics and Biotechnology
Grade: 10
Question 1:
Which of the following is an example of a dominant genetic disorder?
a) Hemophilia
b) Cystic fibrosis
c) Huntington\’s disease
d) Sickle cell anemia
Answer: c) Huntington\’s disease
Explanation: Huntington\’s disease is caused by a dominant allele, meaning that an individual only needs to inherit one copy of the defective gene from either parent to develop the disorder. This results in a 50% chance of passing on the disease to each offspring. An example of a simple dominant genetic disorder would be polydactyly, where having an extra finger or toe is determined by a single dominant allele.
Question 2:
Which of the following genetic disorders is caused by a mutation in the X chromosome?
a) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
b) Down syndrome
c) Turner syndrome
d) Klinefelter syndrome
Answer: a) Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Explanation: Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disorder, meaning it primarily affects males. The mutation occurs in the gene responsible for producing dystrophin, a protein necessary for muscle function. Females can also be carriers of the disorder if they inherit one mutated X chromosome. An example of a simple X-linked disorder is red-green color blindness, which is caused by a mutation in the OPN1LW and OPN1MW genes located on the X chromosome.
Question 3:
What is the purpose of gel electrophoresis in biotechnology?
a) To amplify DNA fragments
b) To separate DNA fragments based on size
c) To insert foreign DNA into a host organism
d) To identify specific DNA sequences
Answer: b) To separate DNA fragments based on size
Explanation: Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments based on their size and charge. A DNA sample is loaded onto a gel and an electric current is applied. Smaller fragments move faster through the gel, while larger fragments move slower, resulting in distinct bands of DNA. This technique is commonly used in DNA fingerprinting to compare and analyze genetic profiles. A simple example of gel electrophoresis is separating different colors of dye based on their molecular weight.
Question 4:
Which of the following is an example of a genetically modified organism (GMO)?
a) A dog with blue eyes
b) A tomato plant resistant to pests
c) A human with a prosthetic limb
d) A horse with a different coat color
Answer: b) A tomato plant resistant to pests
Explanation: A genetically modified organism (GMO) is an organism whose genetic material has been altered through genetic engineering techniques. In this case, a specific gene was inserted into the tomato plant\’s genome to make it resistant to pests. This technology allows scientists to enhance desired traits in organisms for various purposes. A simple example of genetic modification is the creation of insulin-producing bacteria for the treatment of diabetes.
Question 5:
What is the purpose of DNA sequencing in genetics?
a) To identify specific DNA sequences
b) To create genetically modified organisms
c) To determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule
d) To analyze gene expression patterns
Answer: c) To determine the order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule
Explanation: DNA sequencing is the process of determining the precise order of nucleotides (adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine) in a DNA molecule. This information is essential for studying genetic variations, identifying specific DNA sequences, and understanding the structure and function of genes. A simple example of DNA sequencing is the Sanger sequencing method, which involves using chain-terminating dideoxynucleotides to stop DNA synthesis at specific points, revealing the sequence.
Note: This is the first set of answers and explanations. I will continue with the remaining questions in the next response.